图表作文模板及范文(合集49篇)

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图表作文模板及范文 第1篇

关于图表的作文常用句型

1起伏不定

go up and down/ wave/ fluctuate/ be unstable/ be in flexible

2 The first point to note is the huge increase in the number of

需要注意的第一点就是的急剧增长

3 The statistics show that

这些数据表明

4占百分之几Form/comprise/make up/constitute/ account for .percent

5 This cure graph describes the trend of

该曲线图描述了的趋势

6 The statistics lead us to the conclusion that

由这些数据,我们可以做出如下结论

7 As can be seen from the line graph,

由线状图我们可以看出

8增加:

Increase / raise / rise / go up/ soar/ ascend/ mount/ climb

9减少:

Decrease / grow down / drop / fall/ reduce/ descend/ shrink to/decline

10稳定:

Remain stable / stabilize / level off/ remain unchanged

11 It can be seen from the table that

由表格我们可以看出

12 The table shows the changes in the number of over the period fromto

该表格展示了从到数据的变化

13 The table provides some data of

该表格提供了有关的数据

图表作文模板及范文 第2篇

看图表 写文章

Directions:

The following table gives statistics showing the aspects of quality of life in five countries. Write a report for a university lecturer desCRIbing the information in the table below.

Country GNP per head (1982: US dollars) Daily calorie supply per head Life expectancy at birth (years) Infant mortality rates (per 1000 live births)

Bangladesh 140 1877 40 132

Bolivia 570 20xx 50 124

Egypt 690 2950 56 97

Indonesia 580 2296 49 87

USA 13160 3652 74 12

The table uses four broad economic indicators to show the standard of living in five selected countries in 1982, including both the most developed nation in the world and some of the less developed nations.

As can be seen from the statistics, the USA—one of the richest countries in the world—had the highest GNP and daily calorie intake, the longest life expectancy and the lowest infant mortality rate. The other developing countries had a considerably lower quality of life. Egypt, Indonesia and Bolivia were similar in their range of indicators, with Egypt having the highest quality of life among the three. However, Egypt’s infant mortality rate was slightly higher than Indonesia’s, at 97 deaths per 1000 compared to 87 in Indonesia. Bangladesh had by far the lowest quality of life in all the four indicators. Its GNP was only about one-hundredth that of the USA. The figures in terms of the daily calorie supply per head and life expectancy at birth in Bangladesh are the half of those respectively in USA, and its infant mortality rate was 10 times greater.

In conclusion, it can be seen from the economic indicators that the four developing countries have to develop a lot more before reaching the same level of quality of life as the USA. At the same time, the USA has the responsibility to help the other countries to develop their economies and improve their people’s living standard. (239 words)

图表作文模板及范文 第3篇

本文对图表作文的具体段落进行了详细的研究,希望对准备参加2012年研究生英语考试的学生有所帮助。

首先,写出第一段

图表的构成可以分为表格、条形图、饼图和折线图,后三种属于图表。图表和表格都需要描述,一般放在文章的第一部分,篇幅要适中。要描述数据,首先要看几个变量(a),每个变量有几个数据(b),可以表示为a * b。

如果只有一个变量和三个数据,

如果是最常见的‘2 * 3’情况,

根据图表中隐含的信息,我们可以清楚地看到,在中国的一个大城市,国有住房从1990年的75%下降到1995年的60%,然后下降到2000年的20%,而同期私人住房从25%上升到40%,然后上升到80%。

如果是1 * n (n >: 3),可以描述头尾。更好的方法是描述最后一个相对于第一个有多大的变化。

在每个变量中有多个变量和多个数据的情况下,首先要把它们分为升序和降序两类,或者升序、降序和不变,这样问题才能解决。

二.写出第二段

第二段是解释现象和原因的段落。原因拿出来论证的时候一定要注意连续性,逻辑清晰。我们总结以下句型。

众所周知,上面提到的图表真实地展示了一个正在变得越来越流行的社会问题。它的潜在原因是什么?毫无疑问,可以采用以下3个理由来解释它。首先也是最重要的,最后但同样重要的是

第三,写出第三段

最后一段侧重于图表反映的变化,针对其存在的问题给出一些措施,展望其未来趋势或阐述其发展方向。

综上所述,为了保持这样一个良好的势头,应该在这方面采取一些有效的措施。一方面,具体的措施,另一方面,具体的措施,只有这样,这个时刻才能平稳地保持,(如果以上是一个好的趋势)总的来说,为了结束这个坏的时刻,应该考虑一些相互竞争的措施,一方面, 具体措施,另一方面,具体措施,只有我们采取了上述措施,这一刻才能得到有效的治愈。 (如果以上是不好的趋势)

总之,写图表作文是有一定规律可循的。在写作过程中,建议2012级考生可以应用上面给出的一些重要句子。如果他们反复练习,就会掌握图表作文的写作套路。

图表作文模板及范文 第4篇

(1)模版1

According to the chart / graph / diagram / table, we clearly learn that _________. As early as _________,___________. Then,_________. Last,__________. In contrast, by _________,__________.

There are many reasons accounting for _________. Firstly, ,__________. Finally,_________. As a result,_________.

As far as I am concerned,_________. For one thing,__________. For another,________. In brief, I hold that__________.

(2)模版2

What is shown in the chart / graph / diagram / table above indicates that in recent years, more and more people pay attention to _________. The number of those who _________ has increased ________, and furthermore,____________.

There are two factors responsible for the changes. In the first place,_________. Moreover,__________. Yet, it is noticeable that __________.

From the analysis, we can safely draw the conclusion that__________. It is possible that in the future, the tendency will__________.

(3)模版3

As is shown in the chart / graph / diagram / table above, __________ has charged drastically in the past _________. While ___________,now the percentage of__________ is __________. Meanwhile, the number of _________ has soared up to ________.

There are mainly two possible reasons contributing to the rapid changes. The first is that _________. Secondly,__________.

In my point of view, the changes have a great influence on _________. At the same time,_______. To sum up ,_________.

图表作文模板及范文 第5篇

英语图表高中作文

There are differences between high school in China and that in the United States. High school in China lasts three years, while in most US states four years. In China, students are in fixed classes and classrooms. Every day they study hard for about 10 hours and have a solid knowledge. But in the United States, students don’t have fixed classes or classrooms and they go to their teachers’ offices for classes. They spend about hours on study a day. They are lively and good at activities organized by themselves. However, in China, the students’ extra curricular activities are mostly organized by schools and classes.

图表作文模板及范文 第6篇

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage inthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的`议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand,_______ is due to the factthat , ________ isresponsible for there are some other reasons to show it is generally believed that the above mentionedreasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

图表作文模板及范文 第7篇

One glance at a pyramid can leave the viewer in awe of its beauty and splend or. Upon closer examination, however, one might be surprised to discover that such a grandiose structure is composed entirely of ordinary stones.

Most people are familiar with the proverb: Rome was not built in a day. An object as grand as a pyramid is likewise not so quickly or easily constructed. Just as the greatness of the city of Rome is due to the combination of its smaller parts, a pyramid is only as strong as the stones it is comprised of. The image of a pyramid reminds us that great success is in fact an accumulation of small achievements.

History proves that many famous artists and scientists are only successful because of their continued efforts, even after numerous failures. One might recall Leonardo Dancings drawing of an egg, Wang Xi Zhi practicing handwriting, or Thomas Edison inventing the light bulb, for example. The fable that tells us that even water can eventually pierce through stone also points to the importance of patience and diligence. We should take such stories and histories into account and remember the importance of fundamentals; remember that one can build a pyramid only if one is willing to work with small stones. People would be wise to abandon rash inclinations and instead try in earnest. Perseverance is sure to lead to success.

图表作文模板及范文 第8篇

我们生活的这个世界是丰富多彩的,几乎所有的知识都来自于视觉,也许无法记住一连串的数字,以及它们之间的关系和趋势。但是可以很轻松地记住一幅图画或者一个曲线。因此由于使用图表,会使得用Excel编制的工作表更易于理解和交流。

Excel 版具有许多高级的制图功能,同时使用起来也非常简便。在本章中,我们将学习到建立一张简单的图表,再进行修饰,使图表更加精致,以及如何为图形加上背景、图注、正文等等,

在Microsoft Excel中图表是指将工作表中的数据用图形表示出来。例如:将各地区每周的销售用柱形图显示出来,见图8-1的显示。图表可以使数据更加有趣、吸引人、易于阅读和评价。它们也可以帮助我们分析和比较数据。

当基于工作表选定区域建立图表时,Microsoft Excel 使用来自工作表的值,并将其当作数据点在图表上显示。数据点用条形、线条、柱形、切片、点及其他形状表示。这些形状称作数据标示。

图表作文模板及范文 第9篇

图表类作文万能模板

1. As is shown by the graph,(in the table.)… (概述图表)

正如曲线所示,最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。

As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.

2. It can be seen from the table that(shown graph/concluded figures/estimatedstatistics) … (得出结论)

A. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出,从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。

From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.

B. 从曲线图可以得出结论,最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。

It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.

3. …amount to … (数量总计)(add up to/come to/sum up to)

全部费用合计200美元。

All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.

4. …increase from …to … (数量增减)(decrease/rise/fall/drop)

A. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。

The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.

B.参加者的人数增加到30万。

The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reaching 300000 persons

C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。

The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.

5.(be)three times as + 形容词+ as

上升17% rise by 17percent

日产量the daily output

导致产量下降result in a diminished output

现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。

The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.

is (was) a rapid rise in …be on the rise (有了一个较快、较慢、较稳定的上升、下降)

has been sharp increase on the increase

sudden decrease on the decline

steady decline

gradual fall

slow drop

最近几年来这个地区的产量有了迅速增长。

The output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.

精彩常用词汇

significant changes 图中一些较大变化

noticeable trend 明显趋势

during the same period 在同一时期

grow/grew 增长

unequally 不相等地

average平均

no doubt 无疑地

overall 总体上讲

except 除外

in the case of adv. 在…的情况下

in contrast 相反,大不相同

in conclusion adv. 最后,总之

in comparison 相比之下

in general 通常,大体上,一般而言

rang from 从.....到...

lower v.降低,跌落

forecast n. 先见,预见 v. 预测

图表作文模板及范文 第10篇

图表类例文

This line graph shows Canadians’ saving and debt as a percentage of their disposable income between 1982 and 1998. In general, the figures reveal that Canadians total debt increased dramatically while savings decreased greatly during that period. From 1982 to 1985, the total debt to disposable income remained at about 56% stably, including about 38% mortgage and

18%consumer debt to disposable income. However, the total debt to income jumped sharply from 1985 to 1998. In 1998,it reached the peak of 101%,of which mortgage debt took up72% and consumer debt took up 29%.On the

contrary, the savings to income fell rapidly between 1982 and 1987, and then it leveled off until 1992 when there came another steep decrease. IN 1998, it bottomed out to 2 %.( 柱状图第一段,描述图表给是数据)

This is a pie chart that shows the proportion of the meat sold in a

supermarket. The total meal sold is classified into six types as follows: chicken, pork, beef, lamb, fish and others. Overall, chicken has he largest proportion, which accounts for 40%; while others has the smallest percentage, at 2%, As can be seen n the chart, chicken, which makes up 40%, is the most popular among the total meat sold, then next is pork with 20%, followed by beef,

constituting 18%, and finally come lamb, fish and others at 15%, 5% and d2% respectively. It should be noted that the sale of pork is half as much as that of chicken. And it is also interesting to note that the sale of chicken is 20 times as much as that of others. (饼状图第一段,描述图表给的数据)

It’s not difficult to arrive at some possible factors that are directly

responsible for those changes/the proportional distributions as depicted above. The most important factor that needs to be highlighted here is that …What’s more … One more factor, though not conclusive, that should also be brought into attention is that…(分析原因)

Just with many other things, it’s not easy to reverse the changes that have already taken place/the proportion that has already taken form. Therefore, I predict that the current situation will continue for a short while.(预测未来情况)

图表作文模板及范文 第11篇

According to the chart / graph / diagram / table, we clearly learn that _________. As early as _________,___________. Then,_________. Last,__________. In contrast, by _________,__________.

There are many reasons accounting for _________. Firstly, ,__________. Finally,_________. As a result,_________.

As far as I am concerned,_________. For one thing,__________. For another,________. In brief, I hold that__________.

图表作文模板及范文 第12篇

饭店一般采用的管理方法有:组织图表、工作种类、工作规范、工作时间表等等。

1、组织图表

组织图表表示了岗位和职责的基本分类和关系,是组织形式的机构图,但有某些局限性,如各层次的职权范围和职责,地位相同的两个职员之间的非直线关系或不同部门的职员之间的间接关系皆不明显。由于这个原因,各种工作的描述和组织手册是对组织图标的重要补充说明。

2、工作种类

工作,种类是反映所需技能和职位职责的说明。对员工的定向培训,对完成工作评估,对制定工资等级,对确定职权和职责的范围都有帮助。工作种类说明包括鉴定数据、工作概要、指责和要求。

3、工作规范

工作规范是陈述一项工作要达到的标准,它包括工作责任、工作条件、个人资格等。

4、工作时间表

工作时间表是员工要完成的工作的概念,附有工作过程说明和时间要求,是经理与员工交流的一种方式。有三种基本的工作时间表,即个人时间表、日常时间表和组织时间表。工作时间表的内容包括:姓名、工作时间、职务、受谁监督、由谁换班、休息日、用餐时间、休息时间、各段时间要做的工作内容等。

现代厨房已不像过去那样只有一个房间。它以拓展为若干个房间(工作区域):制作热菜区、供应区、制作冷菜区、制作面包与糕点区。有利于洗涤各种餐具的洗槽储藏设备和存货的仓库;有办公室、更衣室及刷洗室。

厨房地工作就是加工制作食品。如果食品不能吃,那就没有意义了;烹调食品必须具有诱人的特点,如令人愉快的味道、香气和外观。要使厨房能够顺利、有效、安全运作,就必须将厨房设计好、布置好。一般来说,厨房并不是一个安静的地方,它常常处于紧张的气氛之下,这种气氛是由于员工在营业期间工作忙而造成的。即使有现代空调设备,厨房也很热。如果一个厨房设计不好或管理不善,那没它会出现这样的场面:忙乱、噪音、热、混乱。这就是为什麽要将厨房不同的工作分开并划分成若干各区域的原因。

厨房管理的一个重要内容是食品生产管理,就是说要有一整时套的生产程序,包括操作程序、时间表等等;同时要体现出生产标准,即产品标准(质量),时间标准(效率)及成本标准(利润)。

图表作文模板及范文 第13篇

As can be clearly seen from the graph/table/chart (As is shown in the table/figure), great changed have taken place in_______, The _________ have/has skyrocketed/jumped from _____ to _____.

When it comes to the reasons for the changes, different people give different explanations. Here I shall just give a begin with, ______What’s more,___________, Last but not least, ________.

While it is desirable that ___________, there are still some problems and difficulties for __________ Firstly, __________ ,In addition, __________ ,In a word, __________

图表作文模板及范文 第14篇

雅思图表作文模板「经典篇」

静态图表可以为所呈现的信息,只有不同数据之间的对比,无时间变化的图表。主要常见的静态图可以分为:柱状图,饼状图,表格以及对比式的地图题。不同于比如折线图的雅思小作文动态图,静态图的写作技巧有所不同。首先分类,其次按比例进行描写。

对于比例的描述中常用的词:

(大比例:Dominate/occupy the majority of/ stand at the largest of proportion of

which is…注意词性的'替换。)

模板句型:

rank/position second followed immediately/closely by C and D.

B is in the second place.

B is the second most/least popular…

2. 占据(占据多少百分比)

Be/consist/compose/take up…/comprise/constitute/make up/account for/occupies a majority of sth.

. Voluntary workers take up nearly half of the work force in house care sector (医护产业).

Hispanics (a speaking person living into the US. Especially one of Latin American)

综合句型:

be 倍数 as many/much as B(利用句型,雅思考试想要达到高分要求的话,要尽量在主语上下功夫,脑袋里首先想到的主语一定是大家都能想到的,再想想看是否可以用别的主语进行造句)

. Women working as/employed as child minder in the under-35 age group in 1995 were twice as many as in 1990.

Television was twice as popular as washing machine in , with close to 10% of household owning one TV set at home.

(sale volume of television销售量;新高/新低 new high/new low)

主体段落开头必备:

clearly, .../ obviously, .../ apparently, .../ evidently, ...

短语:

According to the table/data, .......

In accordance with the table/data, .....

That从句:

It can be seen from the + 图表+that ......

We can see from the + 图表+that ......

It appears from the data that ......

It indicates from the table that.......

As从句:

As we can see from the data/table, ......

As we can see from the data/ table, .......

As is reflected in the table, ......

图表作文模板及范文 第15篇

摘 要: 2013年6月的大学英语四级作文让考生措手不及,命题一改以往议论文的写作而考了一篇图画作文。由于近十年没有考过图画作文,不少考生的复习思维还是老一套,结果希望变成了失望。这对高校教师深有启发,没有一成不变的作文,所以平时要全面细致地指导好各类文体的写作,确保考生适应各种作文的考试,做到得心应手。

关键词: 大学英语四级作文 写作教学 技巧点拨

自2006年的大学英语四级新题型开考以来,作文考试历经了八个年头,虽然每次作文命题都不相同,但也能找到命题相似之处,其中说明文和议论文占大半江山,只有应用文和图表作文及图画作文都是第一次考到。这次四级考到图画作文让许多考生傻了眼,看着漫画不知道如何下手。自2011年12月有了全英文的英语四级作文提纲以后,以前的中文提示已经不存在,英语四级作文就成了大部分考生的梦魇,加上四级多题试卷出卷形式,让许多考生压力倍增。

一、考生作文写作失分的主要原因

尽管考生在考前已经复习了一些作文模板,背诵了一些范文,但一到考场看到全英文的作文提示还是很困惑,虽然竭尽全力但失分总难免。究其主要原因有以下几种:

1.审题不严谨导致领会上的偏差,写作偏离了主题。

例如2013年6月的作文“On the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big”,审视作文里的漫画的内容和构图并不难:父亲和男孩子有句对话,孩子说:“Dad,I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclear weapon.”(“爸爸,我有点担心清除^v^这个问题。”)父亲回答:“If you can empty the dustbin, you can do anything.”(“如果你能把垃圾桶倒掉,你就能做好任何事情。”)说话间,手指着垃圾桶。对于这篇作文,不少考生错误地理解为把垃圾倒掉以后就能防止^v^的出现,其实文章的寓意在于在成就大事以前,先要从小事做起,积累经验和技能,打好基础,为未来奠定成功的基础。还有少数考生不理解“dispose”这个词汇的意思,造成分析错误。

2.对段落和句子的安排缺乏驾驭能力。

2012年12月的“education pays”图表作文写作中,不少考生仍然使用以前说明文和记叙文体的写作方法,导致对图表的理解不准确、不完整,描述不到位。其实对图表的解释和描述需要结合图表中的相关数据、图形进行分析和评论,并得出合乎逻辑的结论。段落和句子的安排最好使用“The chart shows...The data is quite clear...the conclusion is that...”这样的句子开头比较适合。

3.词汇量不足,表达僵硬,导致中国式英语。

由于中西文化的思维模式在语篇上表现出明显的差异性,因此表达方法有许多不同。英语属“形合法”语言,其特点除了表现在“主题句—发展句—结尾句”的语段结构模式上,起连接过渡作用的词语也特别多,如果考生用汉语的“意合法”语言来表现的话则明显有不地道的语言在其中。加上个别考生不懂得用多种词汇表达同一种意思,往往造成重复某词汇的情况比较多,语言缺乏活力。

4.上下文连贯不自然通畅,语言基本功欠缺,不能突出重点。

许多考生很少注意过渡词语的运用,结果写出的语段缺乏连贯性,使得上下文不流畅,读不出重点。有些名言警句搜肠刮肚都想不出来,语言单调乏味,语言功底肤浅。

二、对改进英语写作教学的启示

上述写作新题型和考生历年的作文写作实践,给予我们很多启示,对教师的写作教学也提出了新的要求。

首先,要从命题角度理解,历经八年的考试实践,英语四级作文的命题虽然形式多样,但难度不大,可谓万变不离其宗,就是论述一个话题,提出一个现象,或者描绘一个情景,解释一个图表数据,要么是利弊类,要么是正反观点类,要么是原因类,要么是办法类,体裁不乏说明文、议论文、记叙文、图表作文这几类。全英文提示虽然比中文提示略要求高了点,但大多数考生还是能够理解的。因此,教师要把每种体裁的作文进行精练,段落行文提供可借鉴的模板,便于考生选材和组织。只要模板套用合理,论述清楚,同样可以拿高分。

其次,教师要指导学生多阅读文章,多背诵范文,英语学习无捷径可走,贵在平时的积累。不少范文中有可以使用的好句型、好句式、好词汇,力求使学生懂得表达词语准确、生动和鲜明的重要性。例如总结时,可以使用下列词汇:in summary,to summarize,in other words,on the whole,in brief, in conclusion, in a word,in summary。表示递进时可以使用:besides, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition。

最后,教师要教给考生临场应试的技巧:根据题目类型,弄清文体和内容要求,同时确定文章要论述的主题和中心思想。还要注意弄请各小节的逻辑关系,并注意训练考生的段落安排和措辞。要坚决纠正考生以前曾经出现过的前后不一致、句子不完整、词性误用、指代不清、措词不当、累赘、中式汉语表达等错误。

总之,从近两年来作文的显著变化教师可以得到更多的反思和启示,作文不是一成不变的,尽管文体不难把握,但内容应有新意,表达也可以丰富多彩。

图表作文模板及范文 第16篇

_____ is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say ____ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ____. What is more,_____。Moreover,______.

While others think that _____ is a better choice for the following three reasons. Firstly,_____. Secondly (besides),______. Thirdly (finally),_____.

From my point of view, I think _____. The reason is that _____. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.

高中英语作文图表类【2】

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), __作文题目的议题__ has been on rise/ decrease(goes up/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from__ in __ to __ in __.

From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that __.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for __. On the one hand, __. On the other hand, __ is due to the fact that addition, __ is responsible for there are some other reasons to show it is generally believed that the above mentioned

reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that __. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

高中英语作文图表类【3】

图表作文模板及范文 第17篇

浏览近几年来各地中考语文试题,我们会注意到,图表类材料不时出现在一些地方的中考语文试题中,并有方兴未艾的趋向。这类题型的出现无疑使较为单一的文字材料变得活泼而生动。而且图文转换综合考查考生对材料的分析能力,它要求从原始材料中筛选信息,进行分析、综合,并运用简明的语言概括出观点。近年各省市中考语文科的命题,更加突出对考生语文综合能力的考查,注重考生创造能力的发挥,试题注意情境的设置,内容更贴近现实生活,体现语文学科的基础性、工具性特点。在这些思想的指导下,图表分析题型理应得到重视。下面我结合海口市的一道中考题来谈谈图表分析题的解题思路。

下面是对不同学段学生体育锻炼的科学性的调查。阅读下表,你得出什么结论?

体育锻炼的科学性

参与运动前的准备活动

活动结束做整理

无所谓

不需要

无所谓

结论:

第一步:仔细审读。包括审读图表的标题、内容和题目要求。有些细节(如表注)也要认真审读。

一审标题。标题往往是对整个图表内容的概括,反映了图表的主题。因此标题对我们答题起到了提示、指向作用。抓住了标题,就圈定了答题的范围,把握了答题的主题,明确了解题方向,答题就不会走题。上题中图表的标题为“体育锻炼的科学性”,也就告诉我们表格反映的是不同学段对体育锻炼科学性的认识的深浅,而不仅是不同学段参加体育锻炼人数的不同了。

二审图表。图表是得出结论或反映问题的主要依据。在审图表时,要特别重视数据变化。数据的变化往往说明了某项问题,而这可能正是这个材料的重要之处,这也是得到结论的源头。我们可对图表中的数据进行横向和纵向的比较,在比较中发现变化,发现差距,发现问题,从而得出结论。上题中,通过横向比较表中的数据可以看出差距:不同学段的学生认识不到体育锻炼科学性(认为“无所谓”和“不需要”)人数占总人数的比例要远远高于认识到体育锻炼科学性(“做了”)的比例;通过纵向比较表格中的数据可以看出这样一种变化趋势:随着年级的升高,“做了”人的数比例越来越高,而认为“无所谓”和“不需要”的人数比例越来越低。

三审要求。根据考题要求提供的“信息”,带着“问题”审读图表,使审读图表更具指向性,更准确地把握图表的中心(尤其是在有些图表没有标题,但在题目要求中告诉你这是一张什么图表时)。同时也只有根据要求答题,才能有的放矢,避免答题偏向。

第二步:认真思考。在前面仔细审题的基础上,根据观察所得,结合标题、图表内容和要求,运用比较、分析、综合、判断、推理等思维方法进行思考,分析出表中有关材料的相互联系,从中找出规律性的东西。上题中,我们把通过横向纵向比较看出的内容,进行分析、综合、判断,不难得出这样的结论:“不同学段的学生都不太注意体育锻炼的科学性,对体育锻炼的科学性认识比较肤浅,但随着年级的升高注意体育锻炼科学性的人数比例在提高,说明对体育锻炼科学性的认识在提高。”

第三步:准确表述。首先要根据要求来答题,问什么答什么,怎样问怎样答;其次,归纳概括是这类题目的共同点,不少题目常有字数限定,所以语言表达一定要简明、扼要、有条理。上题的结论就可以概括为“学生普遍对体育锻炼的科学性认识较肤浅,但随着年级的升高对此认识也逐渐提高。”

总之,解答看图表述题时一个完整的过程:仔细审题是前提,认真思考是关键,准确表述既是目的又是终结。只要掌握了解题技巧,进行一定的训练,重点抓好书面表达的准确性,就一定能做好图表分析题的。

图表作文模板及范文 第18篇

It can be seen from the graph that the rate of car accidents in Walton City experienced rises and falls in 1990. From January to March last year it increased by 45%. From March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate. From June to August there was a steep rise of 50%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease.

There are several reasons for this improvement, but the following are the most critical ones. First, new traffic regulations have made drivers more careful. Second, more people are using bicycles for transportation. Finally, in the later part of the year good weather made the roads safer to drive on.

I am confident that there will be even fewer car accidents in Walton in the future. First, major roads have been repaired and the number of public buses has been increased in the past few months. Moreover, a traffic safety campaign has made all the local people more aware of the dangers of unsafe driving.

图表作文模板及范文 第19篇

The chart gives information about UK immigration, emigration and net migration between 1999 and 2008. 这张图表提供了1999年至2008年间英国移民、移民和净移民的信息。

Both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period shown, but the figures for immigration were significantly higher. Net migration peaked in 2004 and 2007. 移民和移民率在这段时间内都有所上升,但移民人数明显更高。净移民在2004年和2007年达到顶峰。

In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while the number of people who emigrated stood at just under 300,000. The figure for net migration was around 160,000, and it remained at a similar level until 2003. From 1999 to 2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000 people, but there was a much smaller rise in emigration. Net migration peaked at almost 250,000 people in 2004. 1999年,超过45万人在英国生活,而移民的人数不到30万人。净移民人数约为16万人,直到2003年才达到类似水平。从1999年到2004年,移民率上升了近15万人,但移民人数却少了很多。2004年,净移民人数达到近25万人的峰值。

After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the number of people emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell suddenly in 2007, before peaking at about 420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net migration figure rose to around 240,000 in 2007, but fell back to around 160,000 in 2008.(159)

2004年之后,移民率仍然很高,但移民的人数却在波动。2007年移民突然减少,2008年达到了大约420,000人的峰值。结果,2007年净移民人数上升到24万,但在2008年又回落到16万左右。(159)

以上就是雅思小作文范文之雅思图表作文范文,更多优质雅思小作文范文即将上线,尽请期待。

图表作文模板及范文 第20篇

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage inthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的`议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand,_______ is due to the factthat ________.Inaddition, ________ isresponsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentionedreasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

图表作文模板及范文 第21篇

数字和图形表明,1~2月期间,由于“翡翠半岛”的正式推广工作尚未全面展开,仅依靠楼市图和去年展会的客户积累维持,总量不大。紧接着3月10日北青开始的第一次正式报广,将来电量迅速提升到了一个高峰,4月份的来电数量也维持在一个比较满意的数量上,这与项目刚刚正式推出配合得比较默契,但紧接着5月份数量急剧下降,这与5月中旬开始广告的停止有相当密切的关系,6月份开始,重新启动平面媒体的推广,到七月份基本维持比较稳定的数量,八月份没有大的调整,预计不会出现较大的起伏。

数字和图表也提醒了我们,媒体推广与否对来电的影响比较明显,从图表中也可以发现值得探讨的地方,主要有以下几方面:

一、经过调整后稳定下来的总量只能说一般,不算高也不算低,想要恢复到3月和4月的程度,在投入的推广费用不一致的条件下可能性不大。

二、 5月份数据的急剧下滑完全是因为5月中旬开始的调整,翡翠半岛自此停了整整三周的广告,仅靠前半个月的媒体推广和户外引导系统勉强支撑,这在后面每月的分析中可以看到。

四、和其它在售项目的来电数量进行比较,除3、4月份外有绝对优势外,其它的月份我们的优势并不是特别明显,这与近期整个市场缺少产品供给,没有太多市场热点都有关系。

探索创新是青年人应有的职责,也是社会向高层次发展的必由之路。我顺应时代付于给我们的历史重任,做好人事工作计划,参与人事电脑操作培训,勇于在人事工作方面多使用现代化的武器,不断寻找能人事工作的科学性和规范性,力求能在人事的工作领域寻找出一点有价值的东西。

总之,我无愧于一个人民教师,XX员的光荣称号,无愧于学校领导所委托的重任。

图表作文模板及范文 第22篇

小张是某公司的销售部经理,PPT图表展示业绩是年底的必修课,

PPT2007图表美容术

销量增长更生动

以往小张制作的都是静止 柱形图 ,体现不出每季度产品销售额变化的动感。现在好了,她只需按常规方法制作好图1的图表。打开“动画”选项卡中的“ 动画 ”列表,选择“飞入”、“擦除”或“淡出”下的“按系列中的元素”。之后播放这个图表,首先显示图表 背景 动画,单击鼠标显示类别1“系列1”的柱形动画,再次单击显示类别2该产品的图形动画,依此类推直至全部显示完毕,销售额逐季度增长的态势非常直观。

图1常规方法制作的图表

“动画”列表只提供了三种动画,小张想去掉图表背景动画,或者自动播放某产品的类别的销售额柱形动画,就按照以下方法进行自定义:按下“动画”选项卡中的“自定义动画”按钮,选中“图表x:背景”(x是编号),单击“删除”按钮即可:设置“图表x:系列”等柱形动画的方法是:首先选中任务窗格里的“图表x:系列”,单击任务窗格“更改→进入”子菜单下的“其他效果”,选择一种动画效果。重复操作,可以为图1中的各个柱形设置不同动画;如果图表的某个柱形需要自动播放,将其选中,打开“开始”下拉列表选择“之后”;另外,打开图2中的“方向”和“速度”下拉列表,还可以为柱形选择动画开始方向和速度,

图2自定义动画

点一点图表变脸

PowerPoint2007图表默认不显示数据,为了让领导看到图表每个柱形对应的销售额。小张考虑在柱形上方或图表下方放置数据:打开“图标工具”中的“设计”选项卡,单击“ 图表布局 ”区域右下角的按钮,在如图3中选择布局2、4或5就可以了。修改图表布局不会影响已经设置的动画。

图图表布局

重点元素有个性

PowerPoint 2007内置的“ 图表样式 ”不少,可是图1中对应“系列1”的几个柱形却相同,如何让销售额最高的类别4柱形与众不同呢?小下首先单击选中表示“系列1”销售额的所有柱形,然后单击对应类别4“系列1”销售额的柱形,即可取消选中其他柱形保留当前柱形。接着打开“格式”选项卡,单击“形状样式”区域右下角的按钮,就可以在列表中设置柱形样式了。重复上述操作,表示“系列1”的几个柱形可以设置不同样式。

漂亮的销售额加上精心美化的图表,小张的总结受到了领导和同事的一致好评。之后她把上述美化方法应用到其他图表,为销售部的管理和销售工作增色不少。

图表作文模板及范文 第23篇

1、主章开头

图表类型:table、chart、diagramgraph、column chart、pie graph

描述:show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent

内容:figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion

2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组

rapid/rapidly 迅速的,飞快的,险峻的

dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的,生动的

significant/significantly 有意义的,重大的,重要的

sharp/sharply 锐利的,明显的,急剧的

steep/steeply 急剧升降的

steady/steadily 稳固的,坚定不移的

gradual/gradually 渐进的,逐渐的

slow/slowly 缓慢的,不活跃的

slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地

stable/stably 稳定的

3、其它在描述中的常用到的词

significant changes 图中一些较大变化

noticeable trend 明显趋势

during the same period 在同一时期

grow/grew 增长

distribute 分布,区别

unequally 不相等地

in the case of adv. 在……的.情况下

in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在……方面

in contrast 相反,大不相同

government policy 政府政策

market forces 市场规率

measure n.尺寸,方法,措施v.估量,调节

forecast n.先见,预见v.预测

图表作文模板及范文 第24篇

The past years have witnessed a mounting number of Chinese scholars returning from overseas.

As is lively illustrated by the column chart, the number of returnees climbed from a mere thousand in to over thousand in , at an annual increase rate of around 50%.

A multitude of factors may have led to the tendency revealed by the chart, but the following are the critical ones from my perspective.

First and foremost, along with the development of Chinese economy and society, the number of Chinese studying abroad has been soaring in the past years, which has provided an expanding base for the number of returnees.

In the second place, the government has enacted a series of preferential policies to attract overseas Chinese scholars back home.

Last but not least, the booming economy, science and technology in this country have generated more attative job opportunites for scholars returning from overseas.

The waves of returnees will definitely contribute to this nation’s development, since they have brought back not only advanced science and technology but also pioneering concepts of education and management.

With more scholars coming back from overseas, and with the concerted efforts of the whole nation, we have reasons to expect a faster rejuvenation of this country.

图表作文模板及范文 第25篇

经常听到有人抱怨:每天总是忙碌而凌乱,有时候累得晕头转向,却又常常将一些重要的事遗忘,真不知该怎么办才好?

要避免如此,麦肯锡的经验是,每天制定一个表格,让表格来帮助你,只要养成了习惯,你会发现,表格自己会说话。

究竟每天要做些什么呢?你可以在一天结束时静坐半个小时,首先问问自己:“今天我做到的3件最重要的事情是什么?”然后把它们记在一两个表格里―― 没有什么奇特的,整不整齐也不重要。如果事实不易制成表格,把要点记下来就行了。把它们放在不易丢失的地方――不要仅仅把它们塞进文件格了事。随后再想想明天的工作计划,并以表格的形式把它们记载下来。

有时候,你还可以把你的所感所想和了解到的新内容记下来。这些东西有助于深化你自己的思维。你有可能用到它,也可能用不到,无论如何,一旦你把它凝结在纸上,你就不会忘记了。

这是真正行之有效的工作方法。制作一张简单的图表并不需要多大的精力,然而真正珍贵的应该是它的内容。通过制作图表,你可以寻找通向成功的最近距离的路,从而减少一些坎坷崎岖;你可以及时地对自己的工作进行反思,甚至及时地注意到可能发生的情况。这既是你对未来的预览,也是你对现在的掌握。

图表是用来传递和表达信息的一种工具,别把他当成是一件艺术品。图表越复杂,传递信息的效果就越差。图表所要表达的信息务必一目了然,因此,如果你想用相同的图表表达不同的信息,那么最好还是重画几张,以便清晰地说明每个问题。

像制定图表一样,每天抽出几分钟,对当天的工作和图表的内容进行小结和回顾。这是这项高效工作方法的最后,也是最重要的一步。

每天制定一个图表对你工作的帮助是非常巨大的,但它以持之以恒为前提。指望某一天心血来潮,制定一个图表就能给工作带来明显的好处是不现实的。坚持一个月,你再来看看图表的威力吧,它会让我们得到许多意想不到的收获。

首先,图表会让我们随时都目标明确。成功总是沿目标前进的,目标的制定和执行对于一个人的成功非常重要,

在制定目标的时候需要我们依照一个表格而行,因为目标常常不是一下子就能制定好的,有时需要反复的思考论证、取舍定夺,即使花了不少的心思制定出来,也还需要随着时间的推移、认识的提高、情况的变化而不断加以修改、补充、评估和验证。

每个人都有眼前的特定目标。例如,你准备明天做什么,或希望下个星期与下个月作什么。你最好把有助于你达到中期和远期目标的近期特定目标写下来,这样目标会更容易实现。

你可以试一试,在一周内每天花10分钟列出你所有能考虑到的目标。一周后你手头上就会有几十个甚至上百个可能实现的目标。这样做会迫使你写出自己的愿望,这是把你的目标开始转变为现实的最好的方法。

图表让我们的目标变得可以触摸和实际,从而避免我们浪费时间和漫无目的地瞎干。

其次,图表会为我们节省大量的时间。制作表格的一个明显好处是可以排定事情的优先次序,可以明确一些事情究竟是应该做还是不应该做。排定优先次序可以帮助你确定你已将最重要的事放在最优先的位置上。没有表格,你就失去了一份行动的规划书。

同时,因为确定了事情的优先顺序,表格会帮助我们节约许多宝贵的时间。

在工作中,我们经常能听到类似下列的说法:“天啊!时间过得真快”、“我的时间总是不够”、“时间对我来说过得特别快”、“这件事不急,我可以留待明天再做”、“真是抱歉,我延迟了一点”、“我忘记了时间了吗,这总可以了吧?”

其实,你所拥有的时间既不比别人多,也不比别人少,唯一不同的是,成功人士不但善于合理的利用时间,而且还会努力地去争取时间。你能详细的指出在工作中的每一分钟,或者每一个钟头里做了些什么是吗?其中有多少时间是用在有意义的和有用的事情上的?更重要的事,因为不合理的工作方法,又浪费了多少时间?

我所能告诉给你的只是,每天制定一个图表,是麦肯锡管理时间的唯一秘诀。

第三,图表还能调动我们的工作积极性。每天制一张图表,可以使你对自己的目标更清晰,当一天的工作结束时,检视当天的图表,可以发现哪些工作还没有完成,哪些工作还可以做得更好,从而使自己的积极性能够充分地发挥出来。

工作是需要激情和热情的,爱默生说:“缺乏热忱,难以成大事。”很难想象,一个没有激情和热情的人能够持之以恒地高质量地完成自己的工作。而每天制定一个图表,可以让我们化繁为简,永葆激情。

图表作文模板及范文 第26篇

The wealth gap between 1st world countries and 3rd world countries seems to be increasing. How can we reduce this gap? Do you think that developed countries have a duty to assist developing countries in every way?

Model Answer:

Every day the rich countries in the world get richer and the poor countries get poorer. Can we reduce this gap? Of course we can. The question is whether the people in power want to do it?

Reducing the wealth gap can be achieved by cancelling third world debt, cancelling trade and farming subsidies so that third world countries can compete, getting rid of third world corruption and investing and building in third world countries using local people and skills and allowing them ownership of businesses. There are other things as well. Unfortunately there is no profit in business for first world countries to do these things. Some will do them but most will not. The ordinary man on the street wants things to be better for poorer countries and the politicians say that they will help but the politicians will in the end do what business tells them to do. Politicians also rightly feel they have a duty to protect their own countries and keeping economically dominant is part of this duty. Creating effective competition for their own country?s businesses is not part of what they are expected to do.

This then leads on to whether I believe that developed countries have a duty to help the developing countries. Yes, I do. As an individual I believe that we have a duty to assist the poorer countries with their development in all aspects. We can provide teachers and education and doctors on the small scale and on the larger scale the things that I have talked about in the previous paragraph. Can we do this? Yes. Will we do this? See the previous paragraph again.

In conclusion you can see that I believe that there is a split between what would happen in a perfect world and what actually happens. We have a duty to reduce the wealth gap between developed and developing countries and we can do it, but it is unlikely that this will happen quickly.

图表作文模板及范文 第27篇

As is shown in the chart / graph / diagram / table above, __________ has charged drastically in the past _________. While ___________,now the percentage of__________ is __________. Meanwhile, the number of _________ has soared up to ________.

There are mainly two possible reasons contributing to the rapid changes. The first is that _________. Secondly,__________.

In my point of view, the changes have a great influence on _________. At the same time,_______. To sum up ,_________.

图表作文模板及范文 第28篇

As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased.

There are two factors leading to the change. For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income. But now people have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods. For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition. They are not merely content to fill the stomach. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.

In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.

图表作文模板及范文 第29篇

论文格式

一、题目是文章最重要和最先看到的部分,应能吸引读者,并给人以最简明的提示。

1、应尽量做到简洁明了并紧扣文章的主题,要突出论文中特别有独创性、有特色的内容,使之起到画龙点睛,启迪读者兴趣的作用。

2、字数不应太多,一般不宜超过20个字。

3、应尽量避免使用化学结构式、数学公式或不太为同行所熟悉的符号、简称、缩写以及商品名称等。题目中尽量不要用标点符号。

4、必要时可用副标题来做补充说明,副标题应在正题下加括号或破折号另行书写。

5、若文章属于“资助课题”项目,可在题目的右上角加注释角号(如※、#等),并在脚注处(该文左下角以横线分隔开)书写此角号及其加注内容。

6、为了便于对外交流,应附有英文题名,所有字母均用大写,放在中文摘要与关键词的下面。

三、摘要。

摘要是科研论文主要内容的简短、扼要而连贯的重述,必须将论文本身新的、最具特色的内容表达出来(重点是结果和结论)。

1、具体写法有“结构式摘要”和“非结构式摘要”两种,前者一般分成目的、方法、结果和结论四个栏目,规定250字左右;后者不分栏目,规定不超过150个字,目前国内大多数的医学、药学期刊都采用“结构式摘要”。

2、摘要具有独立性和完整性,结果要求列出主要数据及统计学显著性。

3、一般以第三人称的语气写,避免用“本文”、“我们”、“本研究”等作为文摘的开头。

四、关键词。

1、关键词是从论文中选出来用以表示全文主题内容的单词或术语,要求尽量使用《医学主题词表》(MeSH)中所列的规范性词(称叙词或主题词)。

2、关键词一般选取3~8个词,并标注与中文一一相对应的英文关键词。每个词之间应留有空格以区别之。

3、关键词通常位于摘要之后,引言之前。

五、引言。

引言(导言、序言)作为论文的开端,起纲领的作用,主要回答“为什么研究”这个课题。

2、引言应言简意赅,不要等同于文摘或成为文摘的注释。如果在正文中采用比较专业化的术语或缩写词时,最好先在引言中定义说明。

3、字数一般在300字以内。

六、正文。

正文是科研论文的主体,包括材料、方法、结果、讨论四部分内容,其中某些部分(特别是方法和结果)还需列出小标题,以使层次更加清晰。

1、材料材料是科学研究的物质基础,需要详细说明研究的对象、药品试剂、仪器设备等。

(1)如属动物实验研究,材料中需说明实验动物的名称、种类、品系、分级、数量、性别、年(月)龄、体重、健康状态、分组方法、每组的例数等;如属用药的临床观察,应说明观察对象的例数、性别、年龄、职业、病例种类、症状体征、诊断标准、分组方法、治疗措施、临床观察指标及疗效判定标准(如痊愈、显效、好转、无效的标准)等。

(3)标明主要仪器设备的生产单位、名称、型号、主要参数与精密度等。

(4)标明主要药品、试剂的名称(尽量用国际通用的化学名,不用商品名)、成分、批号、纯度、用量、生产单位、出厂日期及配制方法等。

2、方法

(1)采用已有报道的方法只要注明文献的出处即可,不必详述其过程;若为有创意的方法,要详细介绍创新之处,便于读者依此重复验证;若是对常规方法作出改进的,应具体描述改进部分及改进的理由,同时也要注明原法的文献出处。

(2)对于实验条件可变因素的控制方法(如放射免疫法的质量控制)要加以详细说明,以显示本文结果的可靠性和准确性。

(3)实验研究论文要设立阴性对照组和阳性药物对照组,前者一般采用溶剂作为对照,后者选用被公认的、确有疗效的药物,以验证实验方法的可靠性。

(4)在进行药效学和毒理学研究时,通常要设高、中、低三个剂量组,以体现出药物的量-效关系。

(5)实验设计时应考虑到每组有足够的样本数以满足统计学处理的需要,一般地说,小动物(如大、小鼠)每组至少8~10只,大动物(如狗)每组至少4~6只。同时应说明数据处理的统计学方法,统计学处理结果一般用P>、P

3、结果试验结果是论文的核心部分,这一部分要求将研究中所得到的各种数据进行分析、归纳,并将经统计学处理后的结果用文字或图表的形式予以表达。

(1)表格

①表格设计要清晰、简练、规范。每个表格除有栏头、表身外,还要有表序(如表1、表2、表3……)和表题,表题与表序居中写,中间空一格将两者分开。在正文中要明确提及见表x。

②表随文放,一般应列在“见表x”文字的自然段落的下面。

③表格一般采用三线表。

④表题应有自明性。若表中数据均用“均数±标准差”表示,则在表题的后面注上(±S);若表中各组的例数相等,则在表题后面统一注上(n=X),若例数不等应另加一列,分别注上各组的例数;表中计量单位若一致,可写在表题的后面,若不一致应分别写在每个栏头之下,不加括号。

⑤表内阿拉伯数字上下各行的个位数对齐,未发现的数据用“-”表示,未测或无此项用空白表示,实测结果为零用“0”表示。

(2)插图

①图包括示意图、曲线图、照片图等。

②图要求大小比例适中,粗细均匀,数字清晰,照片黑白对比分明。与表一样图也要随文字放,先见文字,后见图。

③每幅图都要有图序和图题,通常写在图的下方。图题要有自明性。

(3)结果处理时要尊重事实,要求结果中的数据精确完整、可靠无误,同时要注意不应忽视偶然发生的现象和数据。

(4)药物的临床疗效研究结果,要注意交待与药物有关的全部信息,如疗效、毒副作用及注意事项等。

(2)讨论中应该运用一分为二的观点,正确地分析和评价自己工作中可能存在的不足之处和教训,例如本研究所用方法是否有局限性等;提出今后研究方向及本结果可能的推广应用的设想,这往往对读者的思路有所启发。

(3)篇幅较长的讨论,应分项目编写,每个项目应集中论述一个中心内容,并冠以序码。讨论的中心内容应与正文各部分,特别是结果部分相呼应。讨论中不应过细重复以上各部分的数据。

(4)为体现讨论的客观性,写作时一般采用第三人称语气。

(5)讨论切忌写成文献综述,更不应简单地重复实验结果,而是从理论上有选择地对研究结果进行分析、比较、解释、推理,对主要问题,特别是本研究创新、独到之处加以充分发挥,提出新的假说,揭示有待进一步研究的问题及今后的研究方向。

七、致谢。

八、参考文献。

1、论文所列参考文献一般不超过10条,综述不超过30条。

3、文献序号作正文叙述的直接补语时,应与正文同号的数字并排,不用上角码标注。如:实验方法见文献〔2〕或据文献〔2〕报道。

4、著录格式

(2)书:序号(顶格)。著者,书名,版次,出版地,出版者,出版年,起讫页码。如:徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修主编。药理实验方法学第三版北京人民卫生出版社2002:911~916

5、著录规则

(2)刊名:中文均写全称,外文缩写可按美国医学索引《InderMedicus》的格式。

(3)版次(本):第一版不标注,其它版次用阿拉伯数著录。如“第2版”,“2nd”。

技术论文格式要求

一、技术论文正文的基本结构和要求

技术论文正文建议8000-10000字,须包括以下部分:

(一)作品难点与创新

(二)方案论证与设计

(三)原理分析与硬件电路图

(四)软件设计与流程

(五)系统测试与误差分析

(六)总结

二、技术论文正文以外应包括的其他内容

除正文以外,技术论文必须包括以下内容:论文封面、中文摘要、英文摘要、中英文关键字、目录、参考文献,以及页眉页码。

封面内容包括作品题目、参赛单位、参赛队伍名称、指导老师、参赛队员、完成时间。中文摘要500-1000字,简要说明作品的现实意义、设计思路及创新点。英文摘要与中文摘要相对应。关键词3-5个。目录包含三级标题。参考文献没有数量要求,列出写作过程中所参考的论文和书籍。

技术论文正文中的每一页都必须有页眉,页眉的内容分两行,第一行内容为“第十届中国研究生电子设计竞赛”字样,第二行内容为论文的题目。居中排列。

技术论文必须有页码,页码需放到每一页下方的右侧,编码从正文开始。

三、技术论文中图表脚注的处理

1、图题和表题

技术论文中的图表需要有图题、表题(图表的序号和名称)。图题放在图的下方,表题放在表的上方。

2、图表的序号使用

技术论文中图表的序号统一使用“图1-1”(第1章第1图),“表1-1”(第1章第1表)的形式。图和表的序号分开排列,图表的序号顺

序要在每一章重新编号,如第1章的图表从“图1-1”、“表1-1”开始,

第2章的图表从“图2-1”、“表2-1”开始。

3、图表的资料来源

图表下方应注明资料来源。表的资料来源注释应放到表的下方,图的资料来源注释应放到图题下方。

4、脚注的使用

四、技术论文排版要求

论文封面单独占一页,目录单独占一页。论文的每一章开始必须另一起一页,每一节开始时应另起一行。正文段落和标题一律采用固定行间距20pt。

版式与字体要求

1. 封面

2. 目录

3. 正文

图表作文模板及范文 第30篇

Every day traffic seems to get worse on our roads. How can we reduce the number of cars on our roads today? What alternatives can we offer car drivers?

Model Answer:

The more people that there are in the world, the more cars there are on the road. People are richer too and often families have more than one car. It has been proved that building more roads does not work; it just encourages more traffic.

So, what can we do? People like their cars and the freedom and independence that cars give them. One possibility would be to raise car taxes and fuel taxes so that people do not want to spend the extra money. Taxes on new car sales as well could be increased in order to discourage people from buying. Perhaps a used car sales tax could be introduced too. In the same way motorways could have tolls charged for using them although this may just increase congestion on smaller roads as people try and avoid the motorways. The government that introduces such ideas will not be popular though and would probably lose power. Governments would therefore be unlikely to set up such new measures.

I think it would be better to try and change people?s attitudes and offer them alternatives. Educate them more about the pollution and waste that they are causing. Persuade them to car share, use public transport or even cycle if the distances are not too long. Countries such as Holland and Denmark are well known for how their citizens are passionate about green issues and how they use bicycles when they can.

Reducing traffic is a difficult task. I don?t think it is possible realistically to reduce car numbers but I do think that we can change people?s attitudes and get them to use different ways of travelling.

图表作文模板及范文 第31篇

【摘要】图表类作文是高考中常见的作文题材之一,由于文章信息多以图示,数据等方式呈现,许多学生一看到,就产生畏惧心理,而且在说明时,往往表达混乱,呈现不清晰。本文就图表类说明文,做了细致的指导,提供了所用词、词组、句型、文章结构和模板等,给考生一个较为系统的指导。

【关键词】图表类说明文 常用词句 篇章结构 模板

一、图表类说明文的类型

1.数字表:表格 ______; 数字 ______;

2.图形表:曲线图 ______; 饼状图 ______;

(柱)条状图 ______。

二、图表作文三个层次要求

图表式作文是说明文的一种。一般可分三个层次来写:

第一按照题目要求,描述图表反映的总情况,即概括大意。

第二对数字进行仔细的比较说明,并找出产生变化的原因。

第三可写读图表后的_想法和评论。

三、图表类说明文的具体写作步骤及常用词句

第一步:开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题, 即Theme。

常使用的词汇有:

(图表/数据):table, chart, graph, figure(数据)…

动词:describe, tell, show, represent …

常用句型: 从以上的图表看出:

1. The chart above…

2. the above chart, it can be seen that…

3. (正如) is shown in the graph, …

4. has been shown from the table that…

第二步:分析数据间的主要差异及趋势,然后表述(在说明数据间变化及总趋势特征时,可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题,并阐明必要的理由)。注意层次。

即 facts and reasons

增长/减少的表达:

表示上升的动词、名词:rise,increase,climb,go up , …

表示下降的动词、名词:fall,decline,decrease,drop,go down, …

表示平稳: remain steady/unchanged…

常用句型: Facts: was a great /slight increase in…

rate dropped slightly from 38% in…to 31% in…

3. By comparison with…,it decreased/increased/fell from…to…

4. The population owning mobile phones increased by 10% in 1999.

Reasons: 1. The reason ____ …is that…

2. It is because of …

3. One may think of the change as a ____ of…

4. The change in … largely results ____ the fact that…

第三步:

总结归纳或发表评论。

常用表达:

1. in a word,/in short,(简而言之)/generally speaking(总的来说)

2. In summary, it is important…

3. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion(得出结论) that…

4. Obviously(很明显地), if we want to…, it is necessary…

5. There is no doubt that(毫无疑问) attention must be paid to…

四、适用的模板:

The chart above shows 图表主题。

From the data we can see only one fifth of the students are in favor of public transportation (进一步说明). There are at least two reasons for … On the one hand, … On the other hand, …. In addition, … is responsible for…

In my opinion, people should be encouraged to …/as far as I am concerned(给出原因)…. / It is high time that we (发出倡议)….

五、范文剖析

分析2004年北京高考卷作文试题。

特别强调:先说明图标所提供的主题,再具体阐明学生主要课余活动及所用时间、学生各项主要活动所占课余活动时间比例。最后发表个人对此现象的观点。即根据模板划分一下各个部分。另外,一定要注意人称、时态及所用到的动词短语。

六、实践演练

给学生布置一份图表类作文,内容根据学生感兴趣的话题自定,但在人称,时态,篇章结构:( and reasons own opinion)上一定要特别强调。例如:

图表作文模板及范文 第32篇

对于比例的描述中常用的词:

(大比例:Dominate/occupy the majority of/ stand at the largest of proportion of which is…注意词性的替换。)

模板句型:

rank/position second followed immediately/closely by C and D.

B is in the second place.

B is the second most/least popular…

2. 占据(占据多少百分比)

Be/consist/compose/take up…/comprise/constitute/make up/account for/occupies a majority of sth.

. Voluntary workers take up nearly half of the work force in house care sector (医护产业).

Hispanics (a speaking person living into the US. Especially one of Latin American)

综合句型:

be 倍数 as many/much as B(利用句型,雅思考试想要达到高分要求的话,要尽量在主语上下功夫,脑袋里首先想到的主语一定是大家都能想到的,再想想看是否可以用别的主语进行造句)

. Women working as/employed as child minder in the under-35 age group in 1995 were twice as many as in 1990.

Television was twice as popular as washing machine in , with close to 10% of household owning one TV set at home.

(sale volume of television销售量;新高/新低 new high/new low)

主体段落开头必备:

clearly, .../ obviously, .../ apparently, .../ evidently, ...

短语:

According to the table/data, .......

In accordance with the table/data, .....

That从句:

It can be seen from the + 图表+that ......

We can see from the + 图表+that ......

It appears from the data that ......

It indicates from the table that.......

As从句:

As we can see from the data/table, ......

As is reflected in the table, ......

图表作文模板及范文 第33篇

如果把市场比做战场,营销人员比做将士,促营销比做战争,那么对于指挥战争的人你有精确详细的“战争地图”吗,也许会说有客户资料,但你能战场全貌吗,在可口可乐等大品牌可是有啊DD扫街表,同样对于做手机的G公司也正在逐步建立自己的“军用地图”,这张地图能看到H省十七地市、108个县及400个乡镇的2250多个手机销售店,这是一个庞大工程,但同时也是企业迎接渠道扁平化、市场深耕细作挑战的必须,这张图有是如何建立,又有什么用,又将如何运用呢,

建立营销地图 深耕细作

G公司历经多年的兢兢业业的发展,已经做到行业三分天下有其一的相对垄断地位,但同时面临的竞争压力和行业风险也越来越大,特别是竞争对手画地为牢,在某一区域市场集中优势兵力,投入大量人力于当地各主要零售店,抢占区域市场份额;同时行业内也面临渠道扁平化,新增手机用户向三四级市场转移;内部管理层次也在逐渐增加,达到总经理、大区经理、区域经理、县区经理、业务员等多层管理体系,企业要实现深耕细作,首先要找到市场在哪里,这个市场的销量都有哪些店贡献的,哪些店基本情况又是如何?只有弄明白了以上这些基本情况,公司才知道奶酪在哪里,是在市区、县区、乡镇,派一个人还是两个人,派出人员还是本地化,只有这样才能如何实现人员精确管理,市场的深度开发,指挥的正确性,建立一个包括所有目标客户区域营销地图是当务之急,

一表知天下 终端掌控知多少

现在各行各业都在进行市场深化,进军三四级市场,市场越来越深入,业务人员则就如同业务人员管理对于各企业来说永恒的难点,远程管理总是难于释怀,明知道业务员在偷懒但就是不知道谁在偷懒,什么时间在偷懒,那么建立客户覆盖进度分析表,就能让一切水落石出,G公司在信息化的支持下按周建立了客户覆盖进度分析表,如下

如果把表中的零售店、人员明确,则可清楚看到我们与多些客户没有合作,我们哪些业务人员工作不努力,终端掌控问题一览无余,找到问题并责任到人,接下来就是因地制宜的采取措施了。

图表作文模板及范文 第34篇

雅思线性图表作文模板「最新」

雅思小作文模板--线状图

1.先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升),之后便平稳

According to the data , the years from …to…saw/winess a rise/climb/drop in the number/rate/percentage/proportion of 对象 from数据to数据,which was followed by a rapid decrease/reduce/increase over the ** years.

2.对峰值和低谷的.描述

Also it can be noticed that in ** year ,the number/percentage … reached the buttom . However/on the contrary,**year saw the peak during this period.

……时间点 ,when the number/percentage reached(amounted to)to a peak of… / a high point at …

3.趋势相同描述

The proportion/number of 对象 in the xx and xx are similar and follow the same ** the figures were xx% and xx% respectively,rising to xx% and xx% respectively in **,after dipping to xx% and xx% respectively in **.(总体的趋势介绍)Thereafter,分开介绍即可

4.对未来的表述以及转换词

…is projected to…… as to

…is expected to…… as for

…is forcasted to …… …is estimated to…

5. 对波动的描述

as can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the flutuation of…

如图所示,两条曲线描述了…的波动情况。

……fluctuated dramatically between xx% and xx% during …period .

此外,在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences,最常用的固定搭配如下:

并列: as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what’s more, apart from …

举例: for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially

事实: as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as …

雷同/近似:similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally …

转折: however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, instead (of), in spite of, despite of …

图表作文模板及范文 第35篇

1. Perhaps we need to reconsider the traditional ways of doing it. 或许,我们需要重新考虑传统的做事方法。

2. It is generally agreed that… is in deep trouble. 人们普遍认为 ……已陷入麻烦。

3. It is only during the last few years that man has become generally aware of the importance of(sustainable development. 仅仅是在过去的几年中,人们才普遍意识到(可持续发展)的重要性。

4. Everyone is aware of the horrible fact: … 每个人都会注意到这样一个可怕的事实:

5. It’s difficult to imagine now how we did something without… 现在很难设想我们是如何做某事而没有 ……

6. Along with… goes with…. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined. 伴随 ……是 ……不可避免的是,这二者是密切地交织在一起的。

图表作文模板及范文 第36篇

As the bar chart shows, the number of people below the poverty line decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to 1997. Asearly as 1978, about 250 million people were under the poverty seven years later, the number became three fifths that of arriving in the year 1997, the number was reduced to 50 millions.

Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease of the below-poverty population. The reform and opening following 1978 enabled the peasants to become much better off. And with the development of Chinese economy, that policy also improved city dwellers lives greatly. Furthermore, the high-tech introduced made it possible for the countrys economy as a whole to take off. All these result in the great fall of the Chinese population below the poverty line.

However, a further decrease in the number of poverty-stricken people is faced with some problems. With quite few employees being laid off, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging. So my principle is to pay due attention to the newcomers, but not just to care for the poor, say, in remote mountain areas.

图表作文模板及范文 第37篇

【摘要】:用简短的语言(小于等于300字)来总结论文的主要内容,包括结论。

【前言】:就是阐述一下背景,现状,你要的问题(最好是以案例的形式将问题呈现出来,以及你的的意义。

【经过】:

一、 详述的方向和想要达到的目的。

二、 活动安排(包括每一阶段时间安排以及每一阶段的方法(包括每一种方法想要达到的目的)。

三、 人员分工

四、 获取资料的方式

【内容】:

一、 【收集案例】:如果对象不属于同一类的话,就要用图表的形式将对象比例情况展示出来。

二、【案例分析】:案例分析问题存在的原因(尤其是现状的背景下,问题依然存在的具体原因、深层次原因)。

三、【问卷调查】如果有问卷调查的在此可加入调查的问题以及调查结果。

四、【结果】总结的结果,可以用图表形式。

【结论】:

根据的结果提出自己的观点,看法,结论。

参考文献:

注明资料的出处

图表作文模板及范文 第38篇

雅思作文图表描述常用表达

一、在运动范畴中存在着如下的8种运动趋向:

1.保持平稳:

我们可以使用的套用结构有:stay stable/remain steady。

举例:表示人口数量保持平稳的时候可以写:the number of population stayed stable./the number of population remained steady。

2.上升/增加:

我们可以使用的套用结构有:rise/climb/increase/ascend/mount/aggrandize(增加)

举例:人口上升:the number of population increased/ascended/mounted等等。

3.下降/减少:

我们可以使用的套用结构有:fall/drop/decrease/descend/decline

举例:人口减少:the number of population decreased/declined。

4. 下降后保持平稳:

这个图形比较奇怪,大家可以跟着我划一下:线段前面是向下的,后面是平的,在表示这个平的时候我们就不可以使用remain steady了,我们要使用的结构是bottom out。

举例:人口下降后保持平稳:the number of population decreased and bottomed out。

5.上升后保持平稳:

这个图形和上面那个类似,不过前面部分是上升的,后面部分是平的。前面的上升我们就不用说了,但是在上升以后保持平稳,我们需要使用level off。

举例:人口上升后保持平稳:number of population mounted and leveled off。

6.复苏:

前面下降了以后,然后就上升了,这两条线段的连接点就叫复苏。英语中表达为recover

举例:人口下降后复苏:number of population decreased and recovered。

7.波动:

这个我就不划了,就像我们的心电图一样。英语中叫fluctuate。

举例:人口波动:number of population fluctuated

8.达到顶峰:

peak/reach its summit/reach its zenith

举例:人口到达了顶峰:number of population peaked/reached its summit/reached its zenith。

二、程度只有两种,缓慢和陡然。

缓慢的/轻微的:gradually/smoothly/steadily/slightly

陡然的/大幅度的:dramatically /sharply/considerably/appreciably/

举例:

1.人口大幅度攀升:number of population mounted dramatically。

2.人口轻微下降:number of population decreased slightly。

3.人口逐渐下降:number of population decreased gradually 。

三、介词的使用

好了,我们现在已经说了两个范畴了,这个两个范畴可以帮你搞定任何线段组的描述。紧接下来我们要讨论的是怎样将线段组与数据进行连接。非常简单,注意如下的介词使用。

(一)remain steady/stay stable/level off/bottom out/peak/reach its peak/reach its zenith 后面需要使用的是at。

举例:

1. 人口在500万上保持平稳:number of population remained steady at 5 million。

2. 人口在800万时到达了顶峰:number of population peaked at 8 million。

3. 下降后,人口在400万保持平稳:after decreasing, number of population bottomed out at 4 million。

4. 上升后,人口在700万保持平稳:after mounting, number of population leveled off at 7 million。

(二)上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了)

举例:

1. 人口下降到200万:number of population decreased to 2 million。

2. 人口下降了200万:number of population decreased by 2 million。

3. 人口上升到1000万:number of population increased to 10 million。

4. 人口上升了500万:number of population increased by 5 million。

(三)recover的后面大家需要使用的是from

举例:

人口在200万时开始复苏:number of population recovered from 2 million。

(四) fluctuate的后面大家需要连接between...and.。.

举例:

人口在2和100亿之间波动:number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion. (那俩人是ADAM和EVE)

雅思写作素材:working for the same company?

Some people prefer to stay in the same job for the same company, but others prefer to change jobs frequently. You should use specific reasons to compare the advantages and disadvantages of both sides.

Advantage of staying in the same job for the same company

Practice makes perfect. After working at a certain position long enough, a person will become very familiar with the work procedures and will be much more experienced, skillful and efficient than new comers in dealing with various tasks at this position.

Loyal employees are more likely to be promoted. If a person stays in a company longer than others, it usually means this person has made more contributions and is more loyal to the company and thus will have better chance of being promoted.

Staying in the same job increases a person’s self-value. If someone keeps on learning the latest knowledge and skills at a certain position in a certain field, this person will eventually become an expert or a professional or at least a highly skillful worker in this field, earning much more than other fresh-hands.

Disadvantage of staying in the same job for the same company = advantage of changing jobs

Some companies are not worth a person’s whole career life. There are some companies which lag far behind their competitors in a certain industry. They offer much less reward for their employees and they do not have a fair promotion system or a reasonable welfare system. Some can barely survive in today’s competitive society. Therefore both in terms of remuneration as well as career prospect, working long for them is not wise.

It is not easy to find an ideal job the first time you look for it, especially for fresh university graduates. Sometimes it is only by trying several jobs can a person eventually know what he or she likes doing most or can do best. Sticking to the wrong type of work makes it impossible for a person to enjoy working.

Some work is so boring that if someone keeps doing it for too long, he or she will feel dull and will become less interested and careful in doing that work.

雅思议论文写作素材:building theaters

Some people think that government shouldn’t put money on building theaters and sports stadiums. It should spend more money on medical care and education. Agree or disagree?

Disagree

are places where different forms of arts including films, concert, dramas and operas etc., are shown or performed. Many of them are educational and can teach people about the history and culture of their own countries and of other foreign countries. They can also teach people about love and hatred as in opera Romeo and Juliet; good and evil as in the movie “Schindler’s list”.

from work, people should have some entertainment to relax and enjoy their spare time. If there are no movie theaters, people will have no place to go for watching movies and people’s lives will become less interesting/dull indeed.

3. Sports stadiums are places where sports competitions are held which can increase people’s awareness of the importance of a healthy body. Then people will attach more importance to physical exercises which is the best way to prevent disease.

stadiums can also educate people about fair competition as well the spirit of cooperation. It also encourages people to try to challenge one’s own limit in order to achieve better accomplishment.

theaters and sports stadiums are great works of architecture and can represent a country’s or a city’s wealth and level of civilization. The Grand Theatre in Shanghai becomes a symbol of Shanghai. Sydney Opera House is a landmark in Sydney.

are an ideal venue for cultural communication and sports stadiums are good places for strengthening good relationship among nations.

雅思写作经典5段式作文参考(教育类)

5段式例文(一边倒)

People attend college or university for many different reasons. Why do you think people attend college or university?

People attend colleges or universities for a lot of different reasons. I believe that the three most common reasons are to prepare for a career, to have new experiences, and to increase their knowledge of themselves and the world around them.(41words)

Career preparation is becoming more and more important to young people. For many, this is the primary reason to go to college. They know that the job market is competitive. At college, they can learn new skill for careers with a lot of opportunities. This means careers, such as information technology, are expected to need a large workforce in the coming years.(62 words)

Also, students go to colleges and universities to have new experiences. This often means having the opportunity to meet people different from those in their hometowns. For most students, going to college is the first time they have been away form home by themselves. In addition, this is the first time they have had to make decisions on their own. Making these decisions increases their knowledge of themselves.(68 words)

Besides looking for self-knowledge, people also attend a university or college to expand their knowledge in subjects they find interesting. For many, this will be their last chance for a long time to learn about something that does not relate to their career.(43 words)

I would recommend that people not be so focused on a career. Instead, they should go to college to have new experiences and learn about themselves and the world they live in. This may make them better prepared for their future.(41 words)

图表作文模板及范文 第39篇

10月18日,一个特别的日子,全市小学青年教师集约化培训启动仪式在我校展开。五年级数学备课组刘成喜老师为我们提供了《看图找关系》研究课。一节课,一面镜子,折射学生、教师的两个方面,渗透有教学改革的一个影子,有许许多多值得深思和挖掘的地方。根据会务组安排,谈谈我个人对刘老师的课堂教学的学习体会:

Part1:课堂回顾

【本节课的教学目标】:

1.能读懂一些用来表示数量关系的图表,能从图表中获取有关信息,体会图表的直观性。

2.结合实际问题情境,学会分析量与量之间的关系,提高学生的观察分析能力。

3.了解图表在生活中的应用,能看懂用图来描述的事件或行为,体会数学图形语言的简洁和明了的特点,增强数学应用的意识。

【本节课教学重点,难点】:

让学生看懂一些表示数量关系的图表,并根据图中有关信息分析量与量之间的关系,能按要求看图回答问题。教学的重点是认识图表,并从图表中获取信息。

【教者设计的教学过程】:

(一)谈话导入 ,先“声”夺人。

刘老师没有采用教材中的旁白。在我们的实际生活中,经常用到数学图表,它的用处也很多,比如:在报纸、杂志上,我们常常看到一些用来表示数量关系的图表,从图中看数量之间的关系,往往比看一堆数字更直观。本节课我们研究“看图找关系”来揭示课题。而是出现一段录音听一听,学生一下子被吸引过来,精力高度集中。

(二)创设情境,有听觉也有视觉。

出示听的录音,给学生一个音符,让学生从听觉上,感知数学知识的到来就在耳边,同时,也感知数学“听得见”。然后看实物图,给学生一个视角感官,从视觉上感知数学知识就在眼前,“看得到”。情境图后,刘老师又出示画的坐标图,反映公共汽车从解放路到商场站之间行驶的时间和速度的关系图。

(三)探究新知 ,找到变量以及变量之间的依存关系。

刘老师用小纸条展示出三个问题:

(1)、如何看图?

(2)、看到了什么?

(3)、怎样看出来的?引发学生的思考。

学生:在问题的指引下,开展自学。在充分的自学后,以小组为单元展开讨论,相互寻求解决问题的办法。“你有一个苹果,我有一个苹果,交换后,彼此只有一个苹果;你有一种思想,我有一种思想,交换后,就不止一种思想”,学生互换体会,收获大于1的思维。

各小组讨论交流,集中的讨论和交流,学生依照“三个看”在小组汇报,全班交流。每回答一个问题,都要让学生说说是怎样想的。

(四)知识拓展,有变式,有反思。

教师:出示第二幅变式图,中间有停车,让学生再次思考,再次认识“连环图”。

学生进入我来说环节:独立审题、独立解决。完成后让学生说说自己思考的过程,进一步了解图的变化与事件或行为变化的联系。

在试一试、练一练中,老师列出开车去红花买橘子的事例,让学生独立思考解决,如有困难可以同位商量讨论解决,主要让学生根据图的变化确定或描述行为、事件的变化。学生完成后,要说出自己的思考过程。

(五)课堂检测及作业,巩固达标 。

学生独立思考完成,当堂检测,了解学生掌握的情况,是否能正确的描述事件或行为。

Part2:策略分析

【设计理念分析】:

叶圣陶先生60年代初期就说过“教,是为了不教”。老师在备课时充分了解教材,了解学生,了解学情,在课堂中,让学生永远是学习的主体,“授之以鱼,不如授之以渔”,“放开学生的手脚”,培养学生学会学习,提高他们的自学能力,为“不教”做更多的铺垫,为学生的终身发展奠定基石。

本节课,是五年级数学组扎实落实“三讲三不讲”后的一个汇报。即:讲学生提出的问题,讲学生不理解自己讨论解决不了的问题,讲知识缺陷和易混易错的知识;学生不预习之前不讲,没问题不讲,有问题学生不研究之前不讲。让学生有更多的时间和机会训练,老师有更多的机会对学生进行勤反馈和强矫正,力求增强课堂教学的有效性。

回顾我们过去的课堂教学,的确存在着满堂灌、讲得太多的现象。由于老师讲得过多、过细,挤掉了学生的大量的宝贵时间,学生训练时间得不到保证,结果只是把作业留到课外做。这样的作业既加重了学生的负担,又收效甚微。这样的课堂教学效率也不高。今秋以来,五年级数学组扎实落实“三讲三不讲”,更好的落实精讲多练的原则和自学性原则,过好了“三关”,即:过好教材关、过好教法关、过好学法关。

Part3:亮点纷呈与思考

【咬住目标,突出新特点、新思维】:课堂围绕三个字展开。看;找;用。

1、《看图找关系》突出一个“看”字。刘老师的课堂教学解决好了“三个看”:

其一,看什么。看图;看横轴,看纵轴,看折线。

其二,怎么看。看上升;看水平;看下降;

其三,看到了什么。时间的变化;随着时间的变化速度怎么变;随着时间的变化,路程怎么变;

2、《看图找关系》突出一个“找”字。刘老师的课堂教学解决好了“三个找”:

其一,找什么。找时间的变化;找速度的变化;找路程的变化;

其二,怎么找。

其三,找到了什么。

3、《看图找关系》突出一个“用”字。刘老师的课堂教学解决好了“三个用”:

其一,用生活经历感知数学知识。

其二,用合作学习获取数学知识。学生带着问题学习和讨论。叶圣陶先生说过,“知识不是老师教出来的,是学生在老师的指导下,在同伴的互助下悟出来的”。

其三,用数学知识解决数学问题,体现“用数学”。

【达到了四个突破】:

1、突破了教材的局限。教师立足生活,活用教材,高于教材。从教什么;怎么教;为什么这样教,组织鲜活的材料,凸现数学与生活的密切关系。

2、突破常规束缚。从传统的“教知识”转型为“师生一起学知识”,问题自探,在知识的形成过程中,让知识自求。教师讲得少了,学生学的时间多了。

4、突破教学的禁锢。不做知识的单纯的传播者,学生不预习之前不讲,没问题不讲,有问题学生不研究之前不讲。讲了学生也不懂的不讲。让学生进入学习过程,参与知识形成的探究,学得一些分析问题和解决问题的方法,培养学生良好的听、说、读、写的数学学习习惯。

【得到了五个提升】:

教师的学习能力和专业素养得到提升。常言道,“以一斑而知全豹”,刘教师备课前,花费大量的时间和精力,查阅了大量的资料,观看视频录像,五次重写教案,两次试教,三次修改教案,设计了三套教学方案,一一比较,最后成型定稿。

学生的思考力和学习力得到提升。在刚刚结束的诺贝尔奖的评选中,思考力、学习力、创造力最为重要。创新是一个民族的灵魂,只有我们从小抓起,从每一节课抓起,才能培养出有创新力、创造力的一代。

同时,学生的学习习惯养成得到提升。“好习惯决定性格,性格决定品格”,在这种模式的课堂教学中,学生听、说、读、写都得到锻炼,圈点勾画等读书习惯得到养成,文字语言,图形语言,符号语言都会得到反复的运用和强化。

当然,研究永无止境,面对一个个鲜活的、不同性格的个体,无论那一种方案设计都不能满足学生的全面需要,都会有吃不饱和吃不了的现象存在。讨论中的及时性、有效性、全面性,以及问题设置更能触及学生的心灵,更能接近学生的兴趣点和发展区。如何将知识点、能力点“活化”、具体,让学生自己能在问题的带动下去捕捉、去反思、去提高,仍然是教学中永远研究的主题。

对于一节课的评比,会因人而异,应看点不一样而不同。我们真诚的欢迎各位同仁,提出宝贵的意见和建议,以便我们更好的改革教学,服务学生。

谢谢大家!

图表作文模板及范文 第40篇

纵观近几年高考,英语书面表达大致分为材料作文、图表作文和开放作文。且材料作文逐渐被图表作文取代,图表分析作文就是将数据、图像所包含的信息,转化为表意的说明文字。图表分析作文通常比较复杂,学生不仅要弄清提示,

2.通过叙述图表(或图画)中的内容和数字变化来分析原因,发表议论。

(一) 柱状图(BAR CHART)

人们日常生活中事物的变化情况通常可以用宽度相等的'柱状图形来表示,柱状图的高度差别用来说明事物的动态发展趋势,同时要注意图例说明和坐标刻度所提示的信息。

例:你们班会的讨论主题是“上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗?”请你根据下面图表及汉语提示,写一篇短文,并阐述你的个人观点。

提示:1.增长学识,提高素养,利于择业。

2.成功的路不只一条。

3.学费高,就业难。

要求:1.词数:100~120左右。

2.开头语已为你写好(不计入词数)。

3.参考词汇:tuition n.学费 qualities n.素养

【解题分析】

柱状图是高中英语课本中常见的图形,要求学生通过柱状图图中数据和提示内容写一短文,属于比较、对照类。也可根据提示写为议论文。通常我们采取三段式写法:

第一段:描述图表,得出结论。

第二段:紧扣主题,根据图表比较分析原因,论证结论。

第三段:发表议论,提出自己的看法。

【提炼要点】

分析柱状图数据信息。从图中可看出,黑色代表想上大学,占大多数,约60%;浅黑色代表无所谓,占约30%;白色代表不想上大学,占约10%。

One possible version

Is It The Only Way Out To Go To College?

We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to vary from person to person.

The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to think it can widen their knowledge and improve their in this way can they find better jobs after few students,that is about ten percent of the students,

think it no use going university,because the tuition is too high for their family to 's more,it's rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory percent of the students,however,believe “All roads lead to Rome.”

Therefore it doesn't make any difference whether they go to college or not.

In my opinion,we can receive a better education at college so that we can serve our motherland.

【语言亮点】

①词汇。如:consider,widen,afford,seek,satisfactory。

②句式。如:形式宾语:The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college.

倒装:Only in this way can they find better jobs after graduation.

主语从句:it's rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs.

谚语:All roads lead to Rome.

③过渡词。如:that is about ten percent of the students,what's more,however,in my opinion。

【技巧点拨】

1.读懂柱状图坐标刻线及图例说明与文字,比较柱状高低和颜色表示内容及数据。

2.学会看趋势、找规律,从整体看图表有何发展变化,找出特点、规律。

3.引用图表包含信息,使你的文章“由图而发”,言之有据。

【常用句式】

1. As can be seen from the chart,... As is shown in the chart,...

2. The chart shows that about 60 percent of students want to go to college...

3. From the graph/data/results/information above,it can be seen/concluded/shown /estimated...

graph shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...

with...,the number of the students of...

更多相关阅读:

四级英语作文图表类

图表作文模板及范文 第41篇

In recent years there has been a dramatic rise in the cell phones, which are now essential to millions of people as a convenient form of communication. In 2004 the number reached 315,000,000, with an average annual increase at 57,500,000.

Some people can now no longer imagine life without their cell phones. The fact that they are so popular proves that they are useful and convenient. Cell phones enable people to easily and quickly communicate with one another; wherever you are, you can instantly reach somebody. Cell phones eliminate the trouble of not being able to meet someone in person, and therefore increase businesss efficiency.

Mobile phones necessarily also harbor disadvantages. The radiation such phones emit is hazardous to ones health. Furthermore, if people become too reliant on the use of cell phones, our face to face skills may decline. Any new invention has its drawbacks, and such negative aspects cannot always diminish its popularity. Despite the negative effects of television, for example, the number of people who own televisions continues to grow at a tremendous rate. This is also the case with mobile phones. People wont stop eating just because of the risk ofchoking. In addition, the swift development of science and technology will likely eliminate the hazards cell phones may cause. One can safely predict, therefore, that with the introduction of new techniques, mobile phones will have more applications and become even more appealing to customers.

图表作文模板及范文 第42篇

What is shown in the chart / graph / diagram / table above indicates that in recent years, more and more people pay attention to _________. The number of those who _________ has increased ________, and furthermore,____________.

There are two factors responsible for the changes. In the first place,_________. Moreover,__________. Yet, it is noticeable that __________.

From the analysis, we can safely draw the conclusion that__________. It is possible that in the future, the tendency will__________.

图表作文模板及范文 第43篇

table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to... 该表格描述了在…年之…年间…数量的变化。

bar chart illustrates that... 该柱状图展示了...

graph provides some interesting data regarding... 该图为我们提供了有关...有趣数据。

diagram shows (that)... 该图向我们展示了...

pie graph depicts (that).... 该圆形图揭示了...

is a cure graph which describes the trend of... 这个曲线图描述了...的趋势。

figures/statistics show (that)... 数据(字)表明...

tree diagram reveals how... 该树型图向我们揭示了如何...

data/statistics show (that)... 该数据(字)可以这样理解...

data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 这些数据资料令我们得出结论...

is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table... 如图所示...

to the chart/figures... 根据这些表(数字)...

图表作文模板及范文 第44篇

1、图形种类及概述法:

泛指一份数据图表:a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table

饼图:pie chart

直方图或柱形图:bar chart / histogram

趋势曲线图:line chart / curve diagram

表格图:table

流程图或过程图:flow chart / sequence diagram

程序图:processing/procedures diagram

2、常用的描述用法

The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)

According to the table/chart diagram/graph

As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph

As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,

figures/statistics shows (that)……

It can be seen from the figures/statistics

We can see from the figures/statistics

It is clear from the figures/statistics

It is apparent from the figures/statistics

table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ……

table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how……

3、图表中的数据(Data)具体表达法

数据(Data)在某一个时间段固定不变:fixed in time

在一系列的时间段中转变:changes over time

持续变化的data在不同情况下:

增加:increase / raise / rise / go up ……

减少:decrease / grow down / drop / fall ……

波动:fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……

稳定:remain stable / stabilize / level off ……

最常用的两种表达法:

动词+副词形式(Verb+Adverb form)

形容词+名词形式(Adjective+Noun form)

图表作文模板及范文 第45篇

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ______ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

图表作文模板及范文 第46篇

1. Over the past decade, many people have been troubled with the serious problem of… 在过去的几十年当中,许多人都被 ……这一严重的问题所困扰。

2. One of the pressing problems confronting us today is… 今天我们正面临着许多棘手的问题,其中之一就是 ……

3. One of the hottest topics many people talk about now is… 现在许多人讨论的热门话题之一是 ……

4. Now people become increasingly aware of the necessity of… 现在人们日益意识到 ……的必要性。

5. No issue is more important now than the one that…, which is commonly held by most people. 大多数人普遍认为 ……,而现在没有什么比这更重要的问题了。

6. In spite of great progress made in the field of…, … remain basically unchanged. 虽然在 ……领域已取得了巨大的进步,但 ……仍然基本未变。

图表作文模板及范文 第47篇

用图像来显示数据,更让人一目了然,便于对比和区分,下面我们来看一个练习;

1、启动Excel

2)出现一个满是格子的空白窗口,这就是一张电子表格了,第一个格子看着边框要粗一些,处于选中状态;

2、Excel窗口

1)点菜单“文件-打开”命令,打开上次的“成绩表”文件;

2)在这个表格中,有三个同学,每个同学又有“语数外”三门成绩,可以做成一个图像,然后对比一下;

3)图表一般用坐标轴来表示,横坐标是X轴,纵坐标是Y轴,还有类似地图的图例和标题等,下面我们来看一下怎么制作一个图表;

3、创建图表

1)从姓名开始一直拖动到右下角的100,框选中这些有用的数据,序号和学号可以不必要;

2)点菜单“插入-图表..”命令,弹出一个“图表向导”面板;

3)第一页是选择图表类型,一般有柱形、条形、折线,这儿点“下一步”按钮,用默认的柱形;

4)第二页是数据区域,我们选中的是从“姓名-100”这一块,每个学科一块,直接点“下一步”按钮,如果选“列”就是按姓名;

5)第三页是标题标注,在左边分别填上“成绩表”、“学科”、“得分”,点“下一步”按钮;

6)第四页是图表位置,默认放在当前工作表中,单击“完成”,有时也选择插入到新工作表中;

这样就创建好一个图表,每个颜色代表一个同学,可以从颜色上来比较三个同学的成绩;

保存一下文件,

Excel创建图表

图表作文模板及范文 第48篇

2012年12月的英语四、六级考试迎来了“多题多卷”的时代,2013年四、六级考试将继续延续这种考试形式。就写作而言,2012年12月四级写作考试出现了比较少见的图表作文题。那么面对不断变化的考试形势,考生该如何备考四级写作呢?下面笔者就结合自己的阅卷经历来给各位尚在迷茫中的考生一些建议和备考思路。

2012年12月四级写作考试回顾

从命题的角度来看,2012年12月四级写作最大的新意其实不是“多题多卷”,而是图表作文题的出现,而且采用的是全英文命题形式(这样的命题形式符合命题人“既考写作又考理解”的考查初衷)。这表明四级写作的命题在稳中求变,估计以后会朝“多题”的方向发展,题目类型也会多样化,因此考生要全面备考,一定要了解论说文、应用文、图表作文与图画作文等各种类型作文的写作方法。而面对全英文命题形式,考生需要做到的是认真审题,避免因理解偏差导致作文跑题。

从考生做题的角度来看,新的命题形式对考生写作提出了新的挑战。据笔者对2012年12月四级写作答卷的观察,写作题目“Education Pays”的跑题率很高,多半考生的作文都不切题意。之所以出现这一情况,部分原因在于考生准备不充分,尤其对于写图表作文的备考不足,甚至毫无准备,因而在写作时存在一定的心理障碍;但更主要的原因应该是考生临场审题不周,导致理解出现偏差。那么面对四级写作考试的新趋势,考生要怎样做才能避免跑题、从容应对呢?

要改善写作中跑题的情况,考生需要过好审题关。具体来说,考生应从体裁、话题、内容要点、字数要求这四方面进行审题。下面以2012年12月四级写作题目之一“Education Pays”为例来具体分析。写作真题如下。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings in 2010). Please give a brief description of the chart and then make comments on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

审题时,考生要从上文提到的四个方面进行一一考量。从写作体裁来看,考生要写的应该是论说文。而笔者阅卷时就发现有一位考生将作文写成一封信,这绝对是要被扣分的。从话题来看,考生要写的话题是“Education Pays”。很多考生望文生义,将写作话题简单理解为“教育付出”,考生如果仔细阅读图表上的标题“Education: A Worthy Investment”就会发现,题目给出的话题应该是“教育的投资与回报”。从内容要点来看,考生首先应该对图表内容进行简要描述(give a brief description of the chart),然后对图表内容进行评论(make comments on it)。最后,考生要明确写作字数,题目要求是120~180个单词,笔者建议考生将字数限定在140~160个单词,因为120个单词的作文内容可能不够详实,但字数太多了又会增加考生犯错的几率。

快速提分方略

即将参加2013年6月四级考试的考生应该采取什么快速提分方略呢?很多考生在考试前热衷于背诵写作模板,认为这样能帮助自己快速提高写作分数。但在笔者看来,单纯背诵写作模板并不是最有效的方法:一方面,考生死背写作模板的话很容易出现“所背非所考”的情况,最后等于白费力气;另一方面,笔者在四、六级考试阅卷时发现,考生使用的模板句式高度重复,比如“With the development of our society, more and more …”“There has been a heated discussion revolving around this issue of whether people should do …”“Only by doing so, can we …”“As far as I am concerned, …”等句式在答卷中比比皆是,而这样使用高度重复的模板句式最终肯定会影响得分。

如果考生想快速提升写作分数,笔者建议考生从备考“功能段落”入手。从历年四级写作的写作要求(无论是全英文形式还是汉语提纲形式)来看,四级写作题目要求考生撰写的段落按功能大致可以归纳为以下六种:描述现象、图画或图表(现象段),分析危害(危害段),分析原因(原因段),给出建议(建议段),陈述观点(观点段,说明支持或反对)、分析意义(意义段)。因此,如果考生学会撰写这六种功能段落,那么无论写作考试如何变化,考生只要按照写作要求去写相应功能的内容或段落即可。从近年真题来看,现象段、原因段和建议段这三种功能段落被考查到的频率较高,考生可重点准备。在考试时,笔者建议考生将作文写成三段,其中中间段落为主体,在字数上应多于首段和尾段。以2012年12月四级写作题目“Education Pays”为例,考生可将首段写成描述图表的现象段,将第二段写成解释收入差异的原因段,将尾段写成建议段或观点段。

那考生该如何学习写功能段落呢?首先,考生可以通过分析真题范文总结出各类功能段落的写作思路;其次,考生需要花大力气积累各类功能段落的常用句子表达(简称“功能表达”)。考生在选择功能表达时应掌握三个原则:①实用性,即积累的表达可用于写相应的功能段落;②灵活性,即所选择的表达应该是考生能够灵活掌握并能根据题目灵活应用的;③简洁性,即所选择的表达应该语言精练,可以有模板的痕迹,但考生应该能往里面填入实质内容,而不是像通篇废话似的表达。下面笔者列举几个常用的功能表达,供考生体会。

contemporary society, it has become a trend for _____ to _____.

is advisable for _____ to _____.

is suggested that ______ should strengthen their awareness of ______.

should educate, advocate and encourage _____ (not) to _____.

解析:这里的第1个句子为现象段的功能表达,第2~4个句子为建议段的功能表达。考生在考试时,根据写作主题和写作要求对上述功能表达进行适当的词汇替换和结构调整,就可以写出相应的句子。例如,针对这次2012年12月的四级写作题目“Education Pays”,考生可以利用第1个句子来进行现象描述,写成:“In 2010, it had become a trend for people with higher degrees to earn more money in a week in America.”也可以利用第2个句子来进行作文最后一段的写作,如:“It is advisable for youngsters in the US to pursue higher degrees and extensive knowledge.”

按照上文所讲的三个原则,考生在日常学习中可以通过多重途径积累功能表达,比如在阅读中读到阐述观点的表达可以积累,在范文中学到表述现象的表达可以积累。退一步说,考生即使背诵模板,也不要死背,而要明确所背句子所表达的功能是什么,这样考试时才能灵活应用。

备考步骤

以下是笔者总结的写作备考步骤,供考生参考。

第一,先通过“背写”(即背诵和默写)的方式积累功能表达和词汇。笔者建议英语基础较差的考生在备考时先别急着练习写作,而是“背写”一些功能段落和功能表达,道理很简单:考生如果没有正确的input,就不会有有效的output。在能熟练背诵和掌握自己积累的功能段落和功能表达之后,考生再试着利用自己掌握的表达进行模拟写作,写一些相似话题的作文。笔者所提到的默写主要是为了帮助基础较差的考生练习拼写,避免提笔忘词。此外,考生应该积累一些常用的亮点词汇,用亮点词汇替换常用词汇。下面笔者就列举一些亮点词汇,供考生参考。

1.用exceedingly/extremely/rather替换very;

2.用an army of/a great many/a host of替换a lot of;

3.用advancement替换development;

4.用positive/favorable/promising/perfect/pleasurable/excellent/outstanding/superior替换good;

5.用give rise to/lead to/result in/trigger替换cause;

6.用harbor the idea that/take the attitude that/hold the view that替换think that;

7.用beneficial/rewarding替换helpful;

8.用bear in mind that替换remember that;

9.用enjoy/possess替换have;

10.用shopper/consumer/purchaser替换customer。

第二,善于进行阶段总结。考生备考时,每经过一个阶段(如两周)都要问自己几个问题:自己所背诵的功能表达可以用来写什么类型的文章?该类文章的相关词汇或表达有哪些?由题目关键词可以联想到哪些相关表达?考生要谨记,没有复习与巩固,就没有提高。

第三,进行模拟写作,并对自己的习作进行修改。在积累并熟练掌握六种功能段落的常见功能表达之后,考生要进行模拟写作。考生可以以真题或模拟题作为自己的练习题目,在限定时间(30分钟)内运用所“背写”过的功能表达和词汇来完成作文。考生在完成写作练习后必须对自己的习作进行修改,找出习作的不足之处,可以自行修改,也可以请老师或英语较好的同学帮忙纠正作文中出现的错误。如果没有修改,考生只能提高写作的速度,无法提高自己写作的质量,该犯的错误可能会一直犯。

一般而言,要在短期内提高英语写作的实力可能性并不大。但考生如果能够对某项特定考试进行有针对性的准备,那么要在短期内提高写作分数还是能够做到的。因此,笔者建议考生平时多积累、多学习、多练习,达到熟能生巧的水平,这样才能将自己所学灵活应用于考场之中。

图表作文模板及范文 第49篇

高中地理图表学习方法

1.课本中的图、表的基本学习方法

反复浏览、反复记忆:反复浏览和记忆课本中的图、表。你可以采用英语的背单词的方法,可根据自己的遗忘规律,定时复习。

“狠背”: 对于课本中比较复杂的图,你可以采用强行记忆的方法,把复杂的图、表记在脑子中,在背的过程中,不断加大“狠劲”,不断加快速度,不断反复,直到大脑中能随时浮现出一个个清晰的图为止。

先看题后看课本:从参考书上找一些有详细分析的历年高考题或者典型题目,理解后再看课本,你就容易从课本中的图、表中找到考点。

当你积累了一定数量的历年高考题和典型题目后,你再把课本上的所有图、表放在一起记忆,渐渐的,就能融会贯通了。

精读课本后再做题:你也可以在做题前,先把课本上与该题目相关的内容都精读一遍,这样,做题时阻力就会小一些。

自己画略图:对于课本中复杂的图,除了用“狠背”的方法外,还也可以自己画略图的方法。在画略图的过程中,你还要体味如何把握要点、如何灵活运用。例如,“我国煤炭 、石油、天然气和水电站分布图”较复杂,你看了几遍后,以为自己已经记下来了,但考试时却发现忘掉了。你可以把这些分布图按照不同的角度、不同的要点绘出多个略图。在画图的过程中,你可以用不同颜色、不同符号更清晰的表示。

在自己画略图的过程中,要根据课后老师布置的练习、参考书中的练习题、历年考题中等找出考点,并记在笔记本上。

从图中找到问题:有些参考书上会根据某个图,提出几个问题,看你如何回答。这是教你如何根据图提出问题,如何解决问题。你可以模仿参考书,在读课本时,碰到图,自己提出问题,自己解决问题。

2.自己画图

把课本上、练习题上、参考书上你认为重要的图记下来后,就可以自己试着画出来。经过一段时期,如一、两个月之后,你就能把课本上的重要的图都能默画出来了。

另外,你也可以把课本中的文字叙述抽象为图。你可以采取从简单到复杂的步骤,一开始,从某个大的、简单的角度用图把某个地理知识点用简单的图画出来,如“太阳高度角”的变化规律,然后再从另外的角度,如“纬度”的变化,逐步的向更细的方向画图。经过一段时期,如一、两个月之后,你就能把课本上的很多知识点都能用图表示出来了

这时,你就可以尝试着用图把各个章节、不同部分知识用“串”连起来。

然后,你就可以从各地历年考题中的“图题”中体味命题人的思路和招数,自己出“图题”了。

采用“自己画图”这种方法,一开始进步可能比较慢(取得明显的进步,初级阶段者可能需要几个月时间,中级阶段者可能需要一、两个月时间,高级阶段者可能需要几个星期),经过一段时间后,你的大脑中就会形成一幅幅很清晰的图,这些图中包含了各种信息:气候、物产、地形、交通等等,而且每个图对应的知识点和考点也很清晰了。

3.“说图”和“想图”

(适用于地理处于高级阶段者)

课本上的某些重要的图,必须牢记于脑、且要记忆的持久。显然,你可以采用反复浏览、反复记忆等方法,但通过“说图”和“想图”,你能记忆的更牢。你可以对照着课本上的图,把图中蕴涵的知识点用自己的语言表述出来,并比较自己的表述与课本上的差异;你还可以根据某个图,自己提出一些问题出来,自己回答;你可以经常“回忆再现”这些图。

4.模型法

对于“太阳高度角”、“晨昏线”、“等高线”、“地球的自转与公转”,“大气的运动和变化”等知识点涉及到的题目,往往是变化多端,单纯依靠凭空想象,你可能容易感到混乱。但如果通过模型,例如地球仪,就清晰多了。你还可以用泡沫塑料、灯泡、食面等做出各种模型,把课本中的相关知识和历年考题中的相关题目表示出来,这样,你更容易理解、记忆和灵活运用。

5.假想实验法

你可以把地球看做一个小球,而你可以随意走来走去,飞来飞去。例如,你可以想像自己在某个月份,从地球上坐帆船从某地到某地,怎样航行速度最快呢?在想象这个问题的过程中,你要把课本上的相关知识都思考到,例如气候、洋流等等。

6.以图为中心形成完整的知识体系

当给你世界上某一点、某线或某个区域时,你的脑海中就出现各种清晰的、联系的地理知识点,就以图为中心形成了完整的知识体系。这样,无论命题人从哪个角度出题,你都能想到相关的知识。

以图为中心形成完整的知识体系的方法有:

以课本上的图为中心形成知识体系:当你通过反复浏览、精读课本、自己画图、“说图”和“想图”等方法,记住了课本上很多幅图之后,你就可以找出不同的图的联系,用某几个线索“串”起来。例如,利用某个典型历年高考题把“区域特征”和“气候”的联系找出来,再例如,找出课本上所有与“经纬度”相关的图,放在一起记忆,等等。这样,一段时期之后,你大脑中就会慢慢形成完整清晰的以课本上的图为中心的知识体系。形成知识体系后,每当你学习到新的东西,你就可以把新东西填充到这个以图为中心的知识体系中去。

形成某个专题的知识体系:例如,对于世界区域地理,对照地图,对于每一个区域,你都总结出这个区的经纬度、地形、气候、工业、农业、交通,等等,并找出与其他区域的联系和区别,这样,你就形成了以区域为中心的世界分区地理体系。

形成了一个个专题的知识体系后,再进一步联系和辨析,并用某些线索“串”起来,就能形成地理的完整知识体系。

责任编辑:admin